Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs in the outer edge of continental shelf and slope. Juveniles are mostly in midwater at mesopelagic depths; adults mainly occur in bottom layers in the upper bathyal zone. Exhibits diel vertical migration (Ref. 104112). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hunsicker, M.E., T.E. Essington, K.Y. Aydin and B. Ishida, 2010 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hunsicker, M.E., T.E. Essington, K.Y. Aydin and B. Ishida, 2010 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.27 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |