Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Remarks | Inhabits the continental shelf (Ref. 106838). Found near the bottom. Undergoes horizontal ontogenetic migrations wherein juveniles move from spawning grounds in shallow, inshore waters at depths of 20 to 50 m, to offshore feeding grounds near the shelf edge at depths of 200 to 350 m. It then migrates back to inshore waters to spawn (Ref. 106901). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.40 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |