Main Ref. | Hansson, H.G., 1998 |
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Remarks | Inhabits upper layers of all temperate and tropical oceanic waters (Ref. 2255). Epipelagic (Ref. 116362, 116365) and mesopelagic (Ref. 3682). Also in the outer continental shelf (Ref. 116105). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Rottman, M., 1978 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Hansson, H.G., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Huliselan, N.V., 2002 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Huliselan, N.V., 2002 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |