Main Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
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Remarks | Endemic to the Mediterranean. Typically abundant over shallow waters of 15 to 30 m (but has been found at depths of a little over 150 m), generally on sandy or sandy-muddy substrates. Spawning possibly in one single event as well as continuous or intermittent. Maximum spawning duration observed is 2 months and all animals die afterwards. Exhibits a great variety of colour patterns marked with rapid colour changes during prey capture. Commonly caught by small-scale and artisanal fisheries and consumed locally together with other species of the group (Ref. 1695). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Carlier, A., P. Riera, J.-M. Amouroux, J.-Y. Bodiou and A. Grémare, 2007 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Carlier, A., P. Riera, J.-M. Amouroux, J.-Y. Bodiou and A. Grémare, 2007 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |