Main Ref. | Harrison, P., 1987 |
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Remarks | This is known as a noisy, gregarious but timid species which are found to nest in burrows (Ref. 91362). Pursuit diving (Ref. 356). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
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Associations | colony-forming/symphorism; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | SAUP Database, 2006 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.45 | 0.51 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
From individual food items | 4.26 | 0.94 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Thompson, K.R., 1993 |