Anthozoa |
Pennatulacea |
Umbellulidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 100 - 1739 m (Ref. 119523). Polar; 81°N - 44°N, 95°W - 141°E
North Atlantic and the Arctic: from Eastern Canadian Arctic east to Laptev Sea, north to Svalbard and the Arctic and south to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Common in canyons (Ref. 119581).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Anthozoa are either gonochoric or hermaphroditic. Mature gametes are shed into the coelenteron and spawned through the mouth. Life cycle: The zygote develops into a planktonic planula larva. Metamorphosis begins with early morphogenesis of tentacles, septa and pharynx before larval settlement on the aboral end.
Piepenburg, D., N.V. Chernova, C.F. von Dorrien, J. Gutt, A.V. Neyelov, E. Rachor, L. Saldanha and M.K. Schmid. 1996. (Ref. 2952)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
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Tools
More information
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Morphology
Larvae
Abundance
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Price category
Unknown.