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Atlantic Ocean: from North Carolina, USA, to the Caribbean, south to Brazil, east to Herault, France, including Bermuda, Salvage Islands and the Mediterranean; in the Canary Islands, south to São Tomé and Príncipe, including Cape Verde Islands. Indian Ocean: from the Arabian Sea south to Madagascar, including the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, Aldabra Islands, Seychelles, Reunion and Mauritius, east to India and south to the Andaman Sea; in Australia, from Western Australia to Victoria. Pacific Ocean: in the Philippines, Viet Nam, Federated States of Micronesia and Fiji, east to California including the Hawaiian Islands, and south to Peru.
Occurs in sheltered localities but usually where there is current flow, e.g. on the sides of channels (Ref. 82232).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
In India, H. valentiae showed seasonal peaks of tetrasporophytes in winter months and cystocrpic plants in summer months, while male plants where always rare (Ref. 82232).