Ecology Summary - Larus heermanni

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Ecology of Larus heermanni

Main Ref.	SAUP Database, 2006
Remarks	Coastal; <50km (Ref. 356). Use various behavioral methods to thermoregulate such as neck extension, panting and gaping, elevation of feathers and/or scapulars, feather fluffing, beak tucking under scapular, wing drooping, tail tilting, etc. Egg neglect, while parents forage, was observed; eggs left at night run the risk of chilling causing the embryo's heart to stop beating (Ref. 87784). Displays surface-plunging and dipping (Ref. 356).

Main Ref.

SAUP Database, 2006

Remarks

Coastal; <50km (Ref. 356). Use various behavioral methods to thermoregulate such as neck extension, panting and gaping, elevation of feathers and/or scapulars, feather fluffing, beak tucking under scapular, wing drooping, tail tilting, etc. Egg neglect, while parents forage, was observed; eggs left at night run the risk of chilling causing the embryo's heart to stop beating (Ref. 87784). Displays surface-plunging and dipping (Ref. 356).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Larus heermanni may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	4.28	0.65			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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