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Culmen: 3.185 cm; tarsus: 4.05 cm; wing: 22.75 cm.
Depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 63946). To be replaced with a better reference. Coastal. Exhibits surface diving and dabbling behavior (Ref. 356). Inhabits the littoral zone. Winters in estuaries. Breeds inland in boreal forests. Undergoes molting migration. Molting birds are found in coastal saltwaters, estuaries, rich shallow freshwater lakes (in the Yukon), in brackish waters of fjords and rich shallow coastal lakes surrounded by open water (in Denmark), rocky foreshores (in Ungava Bay). Population threats include oil spills and toxic chemical contamination, logging, fish introductions in breeding lakes, and hunting (Ref. 95145).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae