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Mammalia |
Carnivora |
Otariidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Bathydemersal. Subtropical; 90°N - 0°S, 180°W - 180°E
Pacific Ocean, Northeast Atlantic and the Arctic. Tropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 330 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); 250 cm TL (female); common length : 310 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 80659); common length :240 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 1.1 t (Ref. 80659); max. published weight: 1.1 t
Sexually dimorphic. Coloration when dry is pale yellow to light tan with dark brown undersides and near their flippers. When wet, color is grayish white. Pelage is short coarse hairs. Mature males develop a prominent mane on the necks and chests, with heads that are more robust with a flatter snout than females.
Inhabits coastal and immediate offshore waters (Ref. 1522). Preyed upon by great white sharks (Ref. 32140). Coastal and immediate offshore waters (Ref. 1522). Non-migratory but may disperse considerably from breeding sites. Appears to feed along the continental shelf and break (Ref. 80660). Found from the coast to the outer continental shelf; they frequent deep oceanic waters in some parts of the range. Feeds on many varieties of fish and squid, prefers bottom species; feeding occurs at night (Ref. 1394).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Only sexually mature Steller sea lions return to rookeries, except for few dependent young with their mothers. Gestation results only one pup which is nursed for under a year up to 3 years. Mothers stay on shore with their newborn for about a week before leaving for regular feeding trips. Copulation usually occur prior to first feeding trip. Longevity lasts about 14 years for males and 22 years for females, with a generation time of 10 years.
Rice, D.W. 1998. (Ref. 1522)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 1.6 - 13.5, mean 5.8 (based on 1576 cells).
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.17-0.54).
Vulnerability
High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.