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Indo-West Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean: East Africa, Subantarctic, Southeast America. Tropical and subtropical.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 5.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86424)
Identified as a possible Lessepsian migrant, present at least in Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean (Ref. 85347). Also found on coral reefs (Refs. 415, 102332), in mangroves (Ref. 1757, 86424), specifically on their roots (Ref. 102332), piers and pilings (Ref. 86424). Present in all warm, very shallow seas and is common in harbors and ship hulls (Ref. 2673). Solitary (Ref. 1758). Filter-feeder (Ref. 68823).
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.