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Southwest Atlantic, Antarctic and Indo-Pacific: From Antarctica to sub-Antarctic islands and Australia.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 1.0 cm H 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3382)
Minimum depth from Ref. 3435. Maximum depth from Ref. 3382. Benthic, marine; found at depths of 1200 to 1639 m (Ref. 1134), and from depths of 0 to 200 m (Ref. 3435).
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.