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Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
пелагический; пределы глубины 0 - 2 m (Ref. 119695). Tropical; 34°N - 47°S, 180°W - 180°E
Indo-Pacific, Atlantic and Antarctic Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 45.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 8812); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 167.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.16 cm; tarsus: 5.715 cm; wing: 28.1 cm.
Total Length: 40 to 45 cm; Wingspan: 79 to 86 cm (Ref. 8812, 84934). Total population is 300,000 to 500,000 pairs. Tropical populations are sedentary while subtropical populations are more dispersive (Ref. 84934). Found nearshore to <100 km offshore (Ref. 356). Breeds aseasonally and colonially on cliffs, flat beaches, bare ground, and in bushes and trees on tropical and subtropical islands (Ref. 84934, 87784). Double-brooded (Ref. 84934). Highly pelagic and gregarious. Typically in large feeding flocks far out at sea over shoals of predatory fish (Ref. 91362). Foraging behavior includes dipping and snatching food from the sea surface (Refs. 356, 84934, 87784) rarely plunge-diving or settling on water (Ref. 84934, 87784, 91362).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Основная ссылка
ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Enticott, J. and D. Tipling. 1997. (Ref. 84934)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Статус СИТЕС (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Использование человеком
| FishSource |
инструменты
дополнительная информация
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям
высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=9.04-38.85).
Уязвимость
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Категория цены
Unknown.