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Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific, Antarctic, and the Mediterranean: Subantarctic Region, Western South America, and Europe.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 2.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3462)
Minimum depth from Ref. 2892. Attached to small stones (Ref. 1744). Generally fixed on rocky bottom, loose blocks, polymetallic nodules and plates, and shells (Ref. 2665).
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.